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Stanislavski's system is a progression of techniques used to train actors and actresses to create believable characterizations for their performances. The method that was originally created and used by Constantin Stanislavski from 1911 to 1916 was based on the concept of emotional memory for which an actor focuses internally to portray a character's emotions onstage. Later, between 1934 and 1938, this technique evolved to a method of physical actions in which emotions are produced through the use of these actions. The latter technique is referred to as Stanislavski's system. This approach was developed by Constantin Stanislavski (1863–1938), a Russian actor, director, and theatre administrator at the Moscow Art Theatre (founded 1897).〔Brockett, Oscar. History of the Theatre. (): Allyn & Bacon, 2002. Print.〕 The system is the result of Stanislavski's many years of efforts to determine how someone can control in performance the intangible and uncontrollable aspects of human behavior, such as emotions and art inspiration. Influential acting teachers, including Richard Boleslavsky, Vsevolod Meyerhold, Michael Chekhov, Lee Strasberg, Stella Adler, Harold Clurman, Robert Lewis, Sanford Meisner, Uta Hagen, Ion Cojar, Andrey Vasilyev, Ivana Chubbuck and Christine Anketell all traced their pedigrees to Stanislavski, his theories and/or his disciples. Stanislavski's system is not method acting, it is a classical acting philosophy. Method acting is its own technique with only superficial commonality with Stanislavski's system. ==Background== Stanislavski's initial choice to call his acting idea his system struck him as dogmatic, so he preferred to write it without the capital letters and in quotation marks (stylized as his "system") in order to indicate the provisional nature of the results of his investigations.〔See Benedetti (1999, 169).〕 The system arose as a result of questions that Stanislavski had in regard to great actors he admired, such as the tragedians Maria Yermolova and Tommaso Salvini. To him, these actors seemed to operate under different rules from other actors of the time, but their performances were still susceptible on some nights to flashes of inspiration, or completely "being a role", while on some nights their performances were good or merely accurate. Although Stanislavski was not the first to codify a system of acting, he was the first to take questions and problems of psychological significance and directly link them to acting practices. When psychology was formalized, it influenced Stanislavski's system. Stanislavski attempted to create a system before psychology was widely understood and formalized as a discipline. As a result, Stanislavski began developing a grammar of acting in 1906. In 1909, he began creating his first draft of the system. This draft was based on his personal experiences onstage as well as his observations of other actors in the Moscow Art Theatre. By finding similarities among the talented actors and their performances, Stanislavski began to create techniques that could be applied to the training of other actors to develop similar stage performances. By 1911, he was able to experiment with his new methods. He trained willing actors using his new techniques as he continued to work and alter his techniques as he saw fit, in order to develop an effective technique for actors.〔 Though his approach changed throughout his life, he never lost sight of his ideals of truth in performance and love of art. At times, Stanislavski's methodological rigor bordered on opacity: see, for instance, the chart of the Stanislavski "system" included as a fold-out in editions of Robert Lewis' book ''Method or Madness'' a series of lectures. The chart, made by Adler, lists all aspects of the actor and of performance that Stanislavski thought pertinent at the time. His dedication to completeness and accuracy often conflicted with his goal of creating a workable system that actors would actually like to use. Most of today's actors on stage, television, and film owe much to Stanislavski's system. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stanislavski's system」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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